While South Korean governments across a broad political spectrum have sought closer relations with North Korea, the Kim regime has opposed any such strengthening of ties, even when they have been to the advantage of the North Korean people.
Financial issues plagued North Korea in 2024 with efforts to stop hyperinflation and currency debasement suddenly coming unraveled.
China-North Korea relations remain stable to some extent, but they have also weathered perennial strains and an enduring mutual distrust.
It is likely that the Senate will fail to act on the North Korean Human Rights Act before adjourning in December.
UN institutions have given significant attention to human rights in North Korea throughout the year, and the effort will continue.
The evidence of a deepening military axis between North Korea and Russia has been mounting in recent days, causing alarm from Kyiv to Seoul.
Historically, the Korean Peninsula has acted as a pivot over which continental and maritime powers vie for control and influence.
Difficult economic reforms are needed for North Korea to stabilize its currency.
Unfortunately, one of the unfinished agenda items for Congress is reauthorizing the North Korean Human Rights Act.
The few North Korean government officials who have managed to defect are generally officials working abroad on diplomatic assignments.